Featured Post

Monday, July 31, 2023

Boulder Classics and Coffee from Ariel Atom to Nissan Proto Z with an LFA & Porsche EV in Between...

We arrived just after the 8 o'clock opening on the last Sunday of the month, parked the old Lancia, and noticed the already long coffee line outside the door of Spruce Confections, along with many of the usual suspects in the lineup of old cars.  You know, Alfas and BMWs and lots of Porsches, with your occasional Ferrari sprinkled in.  We thought, "Gee, it's going to be another case of too many cars and not enough coffee this morning."  But we forgot about coffee when we saw this...
The owner-driver of this British-built Ariel Atom drove up with his young son just in time to steal the show.  What is an Ariel Atom?  According to the manufacturer's website, it's an attempt to change your thinking about road-going transportation.  In standard form, a turbocharged 2 liter 16-valve four makes about 320 hp, and gets you to 100 mph in  6.2 seconds.  This Atom has been modified by its owner, with superchaging supplanting the turbocharger, and around 400 hp at the rear wheels.  In a 1,350 lb. vehicle, he says it's beyond his capacity as a driver to explore its potential. Notable design touches are the open trusswork sides, the pushrod-operated inboard suspension dampers, the cycle fenders, and the complete lack of weather protection.  When asked if it was necessary to take off the steering wheel to exit the car, the owner said, "No, but it's the only anti-theft strategy we have."
The Indiana plate says "Get off your phone and drive."  Well, yeah...
More conventional participants (well, cars with body panels, anyway) included this Alfa Romeo 2000 GTV from the early 70s, the usual flotilla of Porsche 911s, and BMWs including the 2002 hiding behind that red 3-Series...
There were more Ferraris than you'd see on an ordinary morning in Boulder, including this Testarossa from the late 80s. Leonardo Fioravanti's body design for Pininfarina seemed to view the car as wind-processing machine. The slatted air vents feed side-mounted radiators intended to reduce heat gain compared with the previous front radiator, mid-engined Boxer model. The flat 12-cylinder, 4.9 liter car replaced the Berlinetta Boxer in 1984, and nearly ten thousand were built over a dozen years...
After which the Testarossa was replaced by a front-engined, V12-powered car at the top of the line, the 550 Maranello. The silver car shown below is a 575 Maranello, which features a 5.7 liter, 4-cam V12.  The car was offered with two 6-speed transaxle options, one automatic...

Obeying alphabetical order, Ford comes after Ferrari, and this 1927 Model T provides maximum contrast to those Italians. 1927 was the last year for the Model T, which launched the mass-production revolution in 1908.  The 177 cubic inch, side-valve inline four made all of 20 hp, but it put Americans on wheels...

We're putting this Zephyr next in order because it's really a Ford (built at Dagenham in England). This one, which appears to be a 1958 model, was powered by a 156 cubic inch, OHV inline 6 making 90 hp.  The 107 inch wheelbase was only 2.5" less than the Ford Falcon that Ford's Dearborn factories would release in 2 years.  For some mysterious reason, these compact Fords shared almost no common parts...

\\
A Jaguar XK120 from 1954 (the last year) shows a real contrast in style with the wedge-shaped Lotus Sprint hiding behind it.  Released in 1949, the XK120 shook up the British car industry by offering an unprecedented performance / price ratio, and spearheaded Jaguar's export expansion in the USA.
This Lancia Delta Integrale has been featured in a previous post, but it's a favorite, so here it is again.  The all-wheel drive, turbocharged Delta Integrale was introduced in 8-valve form in 1986, and the 16-valve version of the twin-cam four appeared 3 years later, winning in its first rally appearance.
The blue Lexus LFA is seldom seen here, or really anywhere, as only 500 were built from late 2010 to late 2012. In that way, the exotic LFA inherits the mystique of the Toyota 2000GT from the Sixties, also a rarity.  But unlike the 2 liter, 6-cylinder GT, the LFA features an even-firing 4.8 liter V10 driving the rear wheels though a 6-speed "automated manual" gearbox.

The Lotus Sprint (called Eclat in Europe) was built from 1975 to '82 and went with a lighter, more minimalist approach.  The Lotus-built, Type 907 engine was a pioneering example of a 4-valve per cylinder configuation, and was successful in adapting to US emissions regulations.  A twin-cam aluminum inline four, it also powered the first versions of the mid-engined Lotus Esprit.

The MGA 1600 Mk. 2 first appeared in 1961 the year after the MGA Twin Cam went out of production. The 1622 cc, OHV inline four offered 86 hp, 6 more than the previous 1588cc model, but 20 less than the Twin Cam, which had been doomed by early reliability problems and cost.  The 1600 Mk. 2 was reliable and successful with SCCA racers.  In true SCCA style, this one has a cut-down windshield.  That means when you need to put the top up, you need to find the oriiginal windshield and frame...

As noted before, there are always lots of Porsches at the Sunday events, and the lineup across from Spruce Confections involved air-cooled and water-cooled varieties…
But, wait a minute, what do we have hiding in the trunk of what at first appeared to be a 912?It's a sizable battery pack; that's what.  Pat Curtin of Farland Classic Restoration in Englewood, CO described the conversion* to full-electric operation, combined with restoration of the early-style, short (87") wheelbase 912 chassis.
According to Pat, the converted 912 offers about 100 miles of range in normal driving.  One goal of the conversion was to avoid making structural changes, like cutting into the floor platform. As a result, as with Jaguar's prototype electric E-type conversion*, one could theoretically convert the car back to IC power.  But that's hard to imagine, as the 912 EV offers much better acceleration than the original.  And, as Pat points out, most drivers are ready for a stop and a stretch after traveling a hundred miles in an early Porsche.  Cost of a converson like this is about $45,000, exclusive of the original car. Eagle-eyed readers will note that the tidy, plaid-seated interior has a clutch pedal. That's because, unlike many EVs, the 912 conversion* uses the original 4-speed transaxle...


The motive power and driving wheels are at the other end of the 1970 Saab Sonnett III shown above and below.  The Type 97 was a re-bodied version of the Sonnett ii, made from 1966 and initially offered with Saab's two-stroke inline 3.  Saab switched to the Ford-built V4 in '68, and upgraded that 1.5 liter engine to 1.7 liters in the Sonnett III. The restyled body of Sonnett III was by Sergio Coggiola in Italy, and as with Sonnett II, it was built in fiberglass.  

The driver of this "wide mouth" Triumph TR-3 has, like the MGA's owner, gone with the chopped-down SCCA-style windshleld.  The wider grille replaced the narrow one after 1957; the 2 liter, 4 cylinder car was successful in club racing in England and the USA, and gave way to the more powerful TR4 with wind-up windows in 1962.
The owner of Nissan's new-style Z, here in Proto version (240 built with special yellow and black livery) had to park in the alley because he arrived late.  But onlookers noticed the Series One 240Z* parked in the alley across 8th, and arranged a meet-up.  Conveniently, the Series 1 reference car is also in yellow...
Viewed from the rear, the 2023 Z is obviously wider.  The early 240Z was just over 161" long on a 90.7" wheelbase and weighed 2,355 lb.  It offered 150 hp from its OHC, 2.4 liter inline 6, with a 4-speed manual gearbox.  The 2023 Z is longer, at 172.4" on a 100.4" wheelbase, and weighs just over 3,600 lb.  But it offers 400 hp from a twin-turbo 3.0 liter V6, and either a 6-speed manual or 9-speed automatic.  Not apparent in the photos, the cars are roughly the same height in standard form, just over 51"...
The rectangular grille is a clear reference to that first 240Z, where it simply marked the boundaries between flanking fenders, hood and underpan, as former Nissan design consulant Albrecht Goertz described it, "almost nothing." 
The roof line and lack of decoration also seem to be in the spirit of the original, though car mags have noted that the new Z is heavier and more expensive than the outgoing model.  We noted that the windows behind the B pillar, though in the same shape as the Series 1 reference car, allow only a tiny view outward.  But to the onlookers who surrounded the car soon after it arrived, Proto Z generated plenty of interest.  Sort of in keeping with the monthly Classics and Coffee.  For a schedule of Classics and Coffee + related events in Boulder, you might want to visit fuelfed.wordpress.com.


*Footnote
:  
Other classic conversions to electric power, including some Porsches and that Jaguar E-Type, are reviewed in "Classic Cars Go Electric", posted here on July 31, 2021. Nissan's sports and specialty cars have featured in this blog before, in "Forgotten Classic: Fairlady Z" from July 9, 2023, in "Whatever Happened to Nissans Bodied by Zagato?", posted September 25, 2016, and in "Mass-Produced Customs----Nissan Pike Cars: Pao, S-Cargo, BE-1 & Figaro", posted September 12, 2017. 

Photo Credits:  
All photos are by the author.

Monday, July 24, 2023

The Etceterini Files Part 31: De Tomaso

Alejandro De Tomaso was an Argentine-born race driver and deal maker who entered the ranks of small-bore racing car specialists with some Ford-powered Formula Junior cars; we'd call them Late Period Etceterini. He attracted the attention of Carroll Shelby, an ex-race driver with similar talents for salesmanship, and they hatched a project to built 5 cars for an SCCA series for 1965.  De Tomaso hooked up Shelby designer Pete Brock* with Italian chassis and body makers, and proposed a chassis design based upon his spindly, tubular single-seaters, with engine blocks taking chassis loads.  This 1965 P70 used the backbone chassis that later formed the basis of the Mangusta.  While De Tomaso fell behind schedule developing special heads for a bored and stroked version of the Ford 289, Shelby sent Brock to Italy to work with Carrozzeria Fantuzzi on forming the alloy bodies (and not incidentally, to keep an eye on De Tomaso). This time, Brock's design incorporated the adjustable rear air foil which he had originally suggested for the Cobra Daytona coupe.  Shelby cancelled the P70 project when the special heads weren't ready for the 1965 race season (and when he was offered a key role by Ford in the Gt40 racing effort), and De Tomaso kept the two cars of five planned, outfitting the second version with a windshield and doors complying with European racing regulations. After taking over Ghia, De Tomaso credited that firm with the P70, but the design was all Pete Brock's.  Like Shelby, De Tomaso was occasionally prone to take credit for work done by others, especially when it was drop-dead gorgeous...
De Tomaso had offered mid-engined Formula Juniors in 1963; these also used Ford-derived power; in this case 1100cc inline, short-stroke fours.  The company only built a handful of these, but they gave De Tomaso experience with Ford as an engine supplier, and also provided the template for his first production car (well, sort of production), named after the Vallelunga race track. This design used the engine block as a stressed member in the chassis design, as in the Formula Junior car and the later P70.  
While the designer was not credited, it was someone who deftly adapted tight contours and proportions to the mid-engined chassis, and the low belt line and glassy greenhouse work well.  Only the towering bystanders give away the car's small size. The engine chosen was the 1.5 liter, 4-cylinder English Ford Kent unit tuned to make 104 hp, in this case without the Cosworth-designed twin-cam heads featured in the Lotus Elan.

Carrozzeria Fissore, which made the first few examples, had also produced the similarly glassy Elva BMW GT160, another mid-engined coupe that appeared in the same year.  After Fissore produced 3 prototypes, production was taken over by Ghia*. Ghia's limited capacity may be one reason less than five dozen cars were completed, including 50 "production" cars, the prototypes and a handful of alloy-bodied road racers. 
In 1966, De Tomaso exhibited the Pampero spider shown below at the car shows.  Designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro for Ghia, it sat on the same chassis as the Vallelunga, with the same 1.5 liter Ford four.  Sold by Ghia after a lukewarm response from critics and show-goers, its whereabouts remain a mystery...
But what happened next is not.  Giugiaro had originally proposed a mid-engined design to Iso after designing their successful Grifo GT car; it was adapted by De Tomaso for the Mangusta (after the mongoose that slays cobras, a dig at Shelby).  The Mangusta design deployed the creased flanks and low, oblong air intake framing quad headlights as the Pampero, but visual clues signal the V8-powered chassis derived from the cancelled P70 project.  The Mangusta made its debut in November 1966 at the same Turin show as Giugiaro's Maserati Ghibli, possibly leaving onlookers wondering which of those two might be the most stunning new car there. Silver, Giugiaro's favorite show car color, shows off the creased, tightly contoured lines.  Giugiaro emphasized the rear wheels and sloped the windshield steeply to impart form that was spare, focused and purposeful...

The butterfly engine lids dictated twin outer backlights; inside, a vertical backlight separated the passenger cabin from the engine, while deeply recessed vents in the lids echoed those aft of the side windows.  Note how the horizontal crease dividing the upper and lower flanks is roughly tangent to the wheel tops.  Rear tires were larger than fronts, and the design benefits from the designer's disinclination to add anything like practical bumpers at the rear...
…or any bumpers at the front, where the simple, forward-canted air intake tightly surrounded 4 round headlights that were 2 oblong units in Giugiaro's original sketch for rival maker Iso. For Iso the car was a lost opportunity, but it put De Tomaso on the map as a car maker.  It went into production in autumn of 1967, the year De Tomaso took over Ghia.  As the license plate indicates, just over 400 Mangustas would be made; of these, roughly 150 were for the European market. When Daryl Adams, owner of this pristine example, displayed it at a concours featuring Giugiaro's designs, the designer himself, a guest of honor at the show, signed the inside of the glovebox...
While the Mangusta was in production and De Tomaso was lobbying for a bigger project with Ford, Tom Tjaarda* designed the compact Mustela GT below, which appeared on the show circuit in 1969.  Based on a Ford V6 drivetrain, the hatchback Mustela would have made a very attractive alternative to the Capri Ford introduced in Germany and England that same year...

Even with the black mask denoting high-impact bumpers that were added in the Seventies, the Mustela would have outshone the Ford Capri (sold as a Mercury in the US) and the hapless Pinto-based Mustang II Ford offered for 1974.  But the Mustela was stillborn, partly because in the meantime, Ford had delivered that long-awaited big order to De Tomaso and Ghia...
The Mangusta had attracted the attention of Ford's corporate brass, and Lee Iacocca approached De Tomaso about a more practical production version of the Mangusta idea.  Ford had bought Ghia in 1970 and Giugiaro had left Ghia to start his own firm, so new chief designer Tom Tjaarda*, recently arrived from Pininfarina, handled design chores. A mid-mounted 351 Cleveland replaced the 289 and 302 offered in Mangustas, again with the ZF transaxle, and though the new car was essentially the same size as its precursor it offered more space, along with bumpers.  These were mostly decorative until the 1973 and '74 model years. Built at Vignale, also owned by Ford, owing to its volume production capacity, it overlapped the end of Mangusta production and went on sale at selected US Lincoln Mercury dealers in the spring of 1971. Over 5,600 were built during its US run, which ended after 1974.  After that, as we shall see, production of the Pantera continued in Italy...
De Tomaso displayed another Tjaarda design, this Deauville 4-door sedan at the Turin Show in 1970, and began production in 1971, the year of the Pantera launch. The Ghia-built body was clearly derivative of Jaguar's XJ series, but the Deauville was so carefully contoured, proportioned and detailed that it did a better job of looking like a Jaguar than the XJ40 series which appeared in 1986, the year after the Deauville exited production after 244 examples were built.  Power came from Ford's 351 Cleveland V8 as on the Pantera, suspension was all-independent, with 4-wheel power disc brakes.  Transmissions offered were a ZF 5 speed and a 3-speed automatic.  The chassis design was also used with longer wheelbase  from 1979  on Maserati's Quattroporte III, as by this time, De Tomaso had a controlling interest in Maserati as well as a connection to Ghia...
If the Deauville was De Tomaso's answer to the Jag XJ, the Longchamp (produced from 1972-'89 in 409 examples) seemed a response to the Mercedes SL and shared similar forms and proportions.  The Longchamp offered the same drivetrain and chassis design as the Deauville, but on a wheelbase 7 inches shorter at 102 inches.  From '76 to '83, DeTomaso offered a Maserati-powered variant as the Kyalami. The Deauville and Longchamp were the only production model De Tomasos with front-mounted engines.  In the end, it was the mid-engined Pantera that was De Tomaso's most popular car, with 7,260 produced before production ended in 1992.  


*Footnote:  Pete Brock's car designs were surveyed here in "Unsung Genius: Pete Brock, Car Designer", on Jan.16, 2017.  Tom Tjaarda's career designing cars got a retrospective in "Architect-Designed Cars Part 4:  Tom Tjaarda---Life Before and After the Pantera", posted on April 30, 2020.  Other designs for Ghia, including those by Giorgetto Giugiaro, were featured in "The Italian Line: Ghia Part 2---From Custom to Corporate", posted on October 31, 2020.

Photo Credits
Top:  hemmings.com
2nd, 7th & 14th:  Ghia Studios
3rd:  Lutziger Classic Cars
4th thru 6th (Vallelunga):  the author
7th (Pampero):  Ghia Studios
8th thru 11th (Mangusta):  the author
12th, 13th & 14th (Pantera & Mustela):  Ghia Studios
15th (Deauville):  Honest John Classics
16th & Bottom (Deauville & Longchamp):  Wikimedia